Article IV, Section 2, Clause 1

The Federalist and Federalist essays

• quoted bySuggested
  Cassius 10, ¶ 18

  provides, that the citizens of each state shall be intitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens in the several states. This section must also be a source of much advantage to the inhabitants of the different states, who may have business to transact in various parts of the continent, as…

  Cites "Section 2, of article IV" and reproduces this clause nearly verbatim.

• quoted bySuggested
  A Native of Virginia, Article IV, ¶ 2

  The citizens of each State ſhall be entitled to all •rivileges and immunities of citizens in the ſeveral States.

  The paragraph prints Article IV, Section 2, Clause 1 of the Constitution as signed; the quoted words are the same as the clause's (apart from capitals and the long s), though the pamphlet's punctuation differs in places.

• quoted byReviewed
  Federalist No. 80, ¶ 9

  It may be esteemed the basis of the Union, that “the citizens of each State shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens of the several States.” And if it be a just principle that every government OUGHT TO POSSESS THE MEANS OF EXECUTING ITS OWN PROVISIONS BY ITS OWN AUTHORITY, it will follow, that in…

  The paragraph quotes this clause in quotation marks and calls it "so fundamental a provision."

Anti-Federalist essays

• quoted bySuggested
  Sydney 2, ¶ 52

  And by the 4th art., 2d sec, " the citizens of each state shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens in the several states," whereby the clause is rendered entirely nugatory.

  The paragraph cites "the 4th art., 2d sec" and quotes its first clause in quotation marks.

Other writings

• cited bySuggested
  North Carolina convention, July 29, 1788, ¶ 37

  The 1st section, and two first clauses of the 2d section, read without observation.

  The journal records the reading of "Article 4th. ... two first clauses of the 2d section"; this link is to the first of the two.

Debates in Congress

• quoted bySuggested
  House, June 15, 1864, ¶ 145

  Sir, this sacred instrument, the Constitution of the United States, provides, section two, article four that "the citizens of each State shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens m the several States." Does he not know that for more than thirty years those dear friends of his, for whose institutions he and his party plead so fervently, have, notwithstanding this light…

  The paragraph quotes "section two, article four" of the Constitution, "the citizens of each State shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States" ("m" for "in" is an OCR misreading).

• quoted bySuggested
  House, January 10, 1865, ¶ 99

  I refer to that clause of the Constitution which declares in section two of the fourth article that the citizens of each State shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens of the several States.

  The paragraph quotes "that clause of the Constitution which declares in section two of the fourth article that the citizens of each State shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens of the several States" (the clause reads "in the several States").

• cited bySuggested
  House, January 12, 1865, ¶ 20

  The Constitution declares that every citizen of the United States shall have equal privileges in every other State.

  The paragraph says "the Constitution declares that every citizen of the United States shall have equal privileges in every other State", which is Article IV, Section 2, Clause 1.

• cited bySuggested
  House, January 6, 1865, ¶ 38

  The Constitution guaranties that the citizens of each State shall enjoy all the rights and pnvilc esof citizens of the several States.

  The paragraph says "the Constitution guaranties that the citizens of each State shall enjoy all the rights and privileges of citizens of the several States" (misread by OCR), echoing Article IV, Section 2, Clause 1.

• quoted bySuggested
  House, May 10, 1866 (2), ¶ 25

  Sir, the words of the Constitution that "the citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States" include, among other privileges, the right to bear true allegiance to the Constitution and laws of the United States, and to be protected in life, liberty, and property.

  The paragraph quotes "the words of the Constitution" that "the citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States", Article IV, Section 2, Clause 1.

• quoted bySuggested
  House, February 20, 1869, ¶ 57

  Sir, in your Constitution are these words, that— The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all tho privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States of this Union."

  The paragraph quotes the clause as words "in your Constitution" (adding "of this Union").

• quoted bySuggested
  House, January 23, 1869, ¶ 101

  …of slavery there became not only free but a citizen of the United States; thathaving obtained in Pennsylvania the rights of a citizen, she was entitled to the benefit of that provision of the Constitution which says that the citizens of each State shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States.

  The paragraph quotes "that provision of the Constitution which says that the citizens of each State shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States".

• quoted bySuggested
  House, January 23, 1869, ¶ 102

  …not, however, of that clause of the Constitution of the United States that the act of 1808 was contended by the plaintiff s counsel to be an infraction, but of the clause which provides that' the citizens of each State shall be entitled to all the privilege® and immunities of citizens in the several States.' first clause, second section, and fourth article.' To entitle the plaintiff to the benefit of this clause it is obviously necessary that she should be a citizen of some one of the United States; and it…

  The paragraph is a quotation from the opinion of a Kentucky court, which quotes the clause and numbers it "first clause, second section, and fourth article".

• cited bySuggested
  House, January 27, 1869 (4), ¶ 26

  The purpose and intent of this provision are clear and free from ambiguity, and afford an infallible key to unlock the more mysterious meaning of section two, article four, ofthe Constitution. which was intended to perpetuate the provisions in the Articles of Confederation, and reads:

  The paragraph cites "section two, article four, of the Constitution", whose privileges and immunities clause (the first) the next paragraph quotes.

• quoted bySuggested
  House, January 27, 1869 (4), ¶ 27

  The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in tho several States."

  The paragraph quotes the clause introduced in the previous paragraph as "section two, article four, of the Constitution".

• quoted bySuggested
  House, January 27, 1869 (4), ¶ 29

  …provisions of this section; but the expression "privileges or immunities of citizens ofthe United Slates" appears to be restrictive of the object and intent of the words in the section," privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States."

  The paragraph quotes, in quotation marks, "the words in the section" (Article IV, Section 2, quoted just before): "privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States".

• cited bySuggested
  House, January 27, 1869 (4), ¶ 38

  "The article in the Constitution of the United States declaring that citizens of each State were entitled to all the privileges andimmunitiesof citizens in the several States applies only to natural born or duly naturalized citizens; and if they remove from one State to another they are entitled to the privileges that persons of the same description…

  The paragraph is a quotation from Chancellor Kent, which names "the article in the Constitution of the United States declaring that citizens of each State were entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States".

• quoted bySuggested
  House, January 28, 1869 (3), ¶ 7

  "The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens of the several States." So says the original Constitution; so says your fourteenth amendment.

  The paragraph quotes, in quotation marks, the privileges and immunities clause as what "the original Constitution" says.

• cited bySuggested
  House, January 28, 1869 (3), ¶ 73

  …the privileges of State citizenship to assert any rights in the courts of the United States; and it was equally impossible for him to obtain any of the benefits of section two, article four, of the Constitution, which provides that—

  The paragraph cites "section two, article four, of the Constitution", whose privileges and immunities clause the next paragraph quotes.

• quoted bySuggested
  House, January 28, 1869 (3), ¶ 74

  The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens 111 the several States."

  The paragraph quotes the clause introduced in the previous paragraph as "section two, article four, of the Constitution" ("111" is an OCR form of "in").

• cited bySuggested
  House, January 29, 1869, ¶ 8

  In reading the Consatution I found that section two of article four provides that—

  The paragraph cites "section two of article four" of the Constitution, whose privileges and immunities clause the next paragraph quotes.

• quoted bySuggested
  House, January 29, 1869, ¶ 9

  44 Tho filizens of each State shall be entitled to all immunities of citizens in the several St And yet I saw citizens leave the State of Maine or New Hampshire or Massachusetts, voters, jurors, and possible officeholders, and pass into the State of the gentleman who impressed…

  The paragraph quotes the clause introduced in the previous paragraph as "section two of article four"; the OCR text is garbled ("filizens", the words "privileges and" missing, "St" cut short).

• quoted bySuggested
  House, January 29, 1869, ¶ 30

  How otherwise will you carry out as to them the fourth section of the second article of the Constitution, and secure them "in each State all the privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States?" By no other means can that clause of your Constitution be executed.

  The paragraph quotes, in quotation marks, the words "privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States"; it calls the clause "the fourth section of the second article", a number that does not match Article IV, Section 2, which is why the confidence is medium.

• quoted bySuggested
  House, January 29, 1869, ¶ 178

  By the original Constitution the citizens of each State are entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States. By the fourteenth amendment the States are prevented from passing any laws abridging the right of citizens to these privileges and immunities Now, it is said that they are abridged…

  The paragraph gives the words of "the original Constitution": the citizens of each State are entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States.

• quoted bySuggested
  Senate, June 5, 1866, ¶ 5

  …any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States," secures nothing beyond what was intended by the original provision in the Constitution, that 'the citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States."

  The paragraph quotes, as "the original provision in the Constitution", the privileges and immunities clause of Article IV, Section 2, Clause 1.

• quoted bySuggested
  Senate, June 8, 1866, ¶ 106

  …the States in which they might reside, and when they desired to remove from one State to another they had a right to claim in the State of their domicile the privileges and immunities of "citizens in the several States."

  The paragraph quotes the words "citizens in the several States" of the privileges and immunities clause of Article IV, Section 2.

• cited bySuggested
  Senate, June 8, 1866, ¶ 124

  Ho was therefore a citizen in those States, and the Constitution declared that, being a citizen in one State, he should have the privileges and immunities of citizenship in every other State.

  The paragraph names the provision of the Constitution giving a citizen of one State "the privileges and immunities of citizenship in every other State".

• quoted bySuggested
  Senate, June 8, 1866, ¶ 137

  It was simply to carry out that provision of the Constitution which confers upon the citizens of each State the privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States.

  The paragraph names "that provision of the Constitution" and gives its words, "the privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States".

• quoted bySuggested
  Senate, May 23, 1866, ¶ 15

  …disorder, and to put the citizens of the several States on an equality with each other as to all fundamental rights, a clause was introduced in the Constitution declaring that" the citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States."

  The paragraph quotes, in quotation marks, "a clause ... in the Constitution" declaring that the citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States.

• cited bySuggested
  Senate, May 23, 1866, ¶ 16

  Such persons were, therefore, citizens of the United States as were born in the country or were made such by naturalization; and the Constitution declares that they are entitled, as citizens, to all the privileges and immunities of citizen s in the several States.

  The paragraph says "the Constitution declares" that citizens are entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States, echoing the clause's words with a change of form ("citizen s" is an OCR split).

• quoted bySuggested
  Senate, May 23, 1866, ¶ 18

  The next question is whether this act infringes that section of the Constitution which declares that 'the citizens of each State shall he entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States?'

  The paragraph, part of the opinion in Corfield v. Coryell read by the speaker, quotes "that section of the Constitution which declares" that the citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States ("he" for "be" is an OCR misreading).

• cited bySuggested
  Senate, May 23, 1866, ¶ 20

  Such is the character of the privileges and immunities spoken of in the second section of the fourth article of the Constitution.

  The paragraph names the privileges and immunities "spoken of in the second section of the fourth article of the Constitution"; the clause of that section on privileges and immunities is the first.

• cited bySuggested
  Senate, May 23, 1866, ¶ 21

  Now, sir, here is a mass of privileges, immunities, and rights, some of them secured by the second section of the fourth article of the Constitution, which I have recited, some by the first eight amendments of the Constitution; and it is a fact well worthy of attention that the course of decision of our…

  The paragraph refers to privileges and immunities "secured by the second section of the fourth article of the Constitution, which I have recited"; the clause recited is the privileges and immunities clause.

• quoted bySuggested
  Senate, February 4, 1869, ¶ 146

  …Connecticut, or that different qualifications for voting for President, for instance, should be required in different parts of the country, is so manifestly wrong and so clearly at variance ■with that provision of the Constitution which declares that" the citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States," that it needs but, to be stated to be condemned.

  The paragraph quotes, in quotation marks, "that provision of the Constitution which declares" the privileges and immunities of citizens.

• quoted bySuggested
  Senate, February 8, 1869 (2), ¶ 47

  The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States."

  The paragraph quotes in full "that clause of the Constitution" introduced in the previous paragraph, the privileges and immunities clause.

• cited bySuggested
  Senate, February 8, 1869 (2), ¶ 504

  We have already in the Constitution an express declaration that the privileges and immunities of the citizens of the several States should be guarantied to them in whatever State they might take up their residence. I am not using the language but the substance .of the section with which my friend is well acquainted.

  The paragraph gives "the substance of the section" of the Constitution declaring that the privileges and immunities of the citizens of the several States are guarantied to them in every State; only Article IV, Section 2, Clause 1 fits.

• cited bySuggested
  Senate, February 8, 1869 (2), ¶ 577

  …that there was nothing in the whole Constitution to secure absolutely the citizens of the United States in the various States against an infringement of their rights and privileges under the second section of the fourth article of the old Constitution. That section declares that—

  The paragraph cites "the second section of the fourth article of the old Constitution", whose privileges and immunities clause the next paragraph quotes.

• quoted bySuggested
  Senate, February 8, 1869 (2), ¶ 578

  "The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens of the several i States.

  The paragraph quotes, in quotation marks, the clause introduced in the previous paragraph as "the second section of the fourth article of the old Constitution".

• cited bySuggested
  Senate, February 8, 1869 (2), ¶ 579

  Now, sir, it seems to me, that' unless' the Senator from Vermont and the Senator from -Massachusetts can derive the right of voting from this ancient second section of 'the fourth article upon the ground that the citizens of each State are entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens of the several States they must give up the argument; and I assert here with confidence that no such construction was ever given to the second section of the fourth article of the Constitution':

  The paragraph cites "the second section of the fourth article" and restates its privileges and immunities clause.

• cited bySuggested
  Senate, February 8, 1869 (2), ¶ 580

  Nobody ever supposed that the right of voting or of holding office was guarantied by that second section of the fourth article of the old Constitution.

  The paragraph cites "that second section of the fourth article of the old Constitution", whose privileges and immunities clause was quoted just before.

• quoted bySuggested
  Senate, March 24, 1962 (2), ¶ 347

  In the Constitution of the United States, which superseded the Articles of Confederation, the corresponding provision is found in section 2 of the fourth article, in the following words: "The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens of the several States."

  The paragraph cites "section 2 of the fourth article" of the Constitution and quotes its first clause in quotation marks.

• cited bySuggested
  Senate, March 24, 1962 (2), ¶ 355

  In the case of Paul against Virginia, the Court, in expounding this clause of the Constitution, says that the privileges and immunities secured to citizens of each State in the several States by the provision in question are those privileges and immunities which are common to the citizens of the latter States under their constitutions and laws by virtue of their being…

  The paragraph names the privileges and immunities clause, which is Article IV, Section 2, Clause 1.

The Supreme Court

Cases whose essays in the Constitution Annotated cite them under this clause, oldest first. Each link names the pages it comes from.

• interpreted bySuggested
  Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)60 U.S. 393, decided March 18, 1857

  The Constitution Annotated's essays on this provision cite the case on 3 pages.

  Source: Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation (2022 ed.), essays ArtIV.S2.C1.3, ArtIV.S2.C1.5, ArtIV.S2.C1.6, pp. 1207, 1209, 1210.

• interpreted bySuggestedOverruled
  Paul v. Virginia (1869)75 U.S. 168, decided November 18, 1869

  The Constitution Annotated's essays on this provision cite the case on 3 pages.

  Source: Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation (2022 ed.), essays ArtIV.S2.C1.12, ArtIV.S2.C1.13, ArtIV.S2.C1.3, ArtIV.S2.C1.4, ArtIV.S2.C1.5, ArtIV.S2.C1.6, pp. 1208, 1210, 1216.

• interpreted bySuggested
  Slaughter-House Cases (1873)83 U.S. 36, decided April 14, 1873

  The Constitution Annotated's essays on this provision cite the case on 3 pages.

  Source: Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation (2022 ed.), essays ArtIV.S2.C1.1, ArtIV.S2.C1.3, ArtIV.S2.C1.4, pp. 1204, 1207, 1208.

• interpreted bySuggested
  Hague v. Committee for Industrial Organization (1939)307 U.S. 496, decided June 5, 1939

  The Constitution Annotated's essays on this provision cite the case on 2 pages.

  Source: Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation (2022 ed.), essays ArtIV.S2.C1.1, ArtIV.S2.C1.3, pp. 1204, 1207.

On Article IV as a whole

• cited bySuggested
  New York convention, July 7, 1788, ¶ 1

On Article IV, Section 2 as a whole

• cited bySuggested
  Senate, April 8, 1864, ¶ 247