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The Ratification Debate

Essays and letters printed in newspapers while the states debated the Constitution, for it and against it, from collections edited by Paul Leicester Ford and by John Bach McMaster and Frederick D. Stone.

20 works1,090 paragraphs188k words

Anti-Federalist writers

  1. The Letters of Cato

    George Clinton

    7 essays1787–1788
  2. The Letters of Centinel

    Samuel Bryan (attributed)

    24 essays1787–1788
  3. Letters from the Federal Farmer to the Republican

    Richard Henry Lee

    5 essays1787
  4. Caution

    Samuel Chase

    3 min readOctober 12, 1787
  5. The Letters of Brutus

    Brutus (Thomas Treadwell?)

    4 essaysOctober–November 1787
  6. The Letters of Agrippa

    James Winthrop (attributed)

    18 essays1787–1788
  7. Replies to a Landholder

    Elbridge Gerry

    2 essaysJanuary–April 1788
  8. The Letters of Luther Martin

    Luther Martin

    6 essaysJanuary–April 1788
  9. A Plain Dealer

    Spencer Roane (attributed)

    6 min readFebruary 13, 1788
  10. The Letters of Sydney

    Robert Yates

    2 essays1788
  11. Brutus Not yet

    Sixteen essays in the New-York Journal, 1787–1788

    No public-domain printing has been found yet that can be imported and checked. Why

Federalist writers

  1. The Federalist

    Hamilton, Madison and Jay as “Publius”

    85 papers1787–1788
  2. The Letters of Cassius

    James Sullivan

    11 essaysSeptember–December 1787
  3. The Letters of Caesar

    Alexander Hamilton

    2 essays1787
  4. A Friend to the Constitution

    Daniel Carroll

    5 min readOctober 16, 1787
  5. The Letters of a Landholder

    Oliver Ellsworth

    14 essays1787–1788
  6. The Letters of a Countryman

    Roger Sherman

    5 essaysNovember–December 1787
  7. Remarks on the New Plan of Government

    Hugh Williamson

    16 min read1788
  8. Cursory Remarks

    Hugh Henry Brackenridge

    4 min readApril 1788
  9. A Steady and Open Republican

    Charles Pinckney

    3 min readMay 5, 1788
  10. The Letters of a Citizen of New Haven

    Roger Sherman

    2 essays1788

Other letters

  1. Letter to the Landholder

    William Williams

    4 min readFebruary 11, 1788

Which side a writer took is Res Publica's grouping, not the editors'. Authors are as the editions give them; several attributions are disputed by later scholars. About these texts

Enter all results↑ ↓ then Enter to open oneTry “Federalist 51”, “Article I, Section 8”, “Amendment 14”