Article I, Section 8, Clause 12

They are almoſt univerſally admitted to be proper for a federal head, except only the ſweeping clauſe, and the power of raiſing fleets and armies, without any ſtint or limitation, in time of peace.

The paragraph names the power of raising armies in time of peace among the objections to the powers of congress, which is the army clause of Article I, Section 8, Clause 12.

…armies in time of peace will be greater under the new constitution than under the present, because it can't be done without the concurrence of two branches of the legislature, nor can any appropriation of money for that purpose be in force more than two years; whereas there is no restriction under the present confederation.

The paragraph names the two-year limit on appropriations for armies.

Two years are the utmoſt time for which the money can be given.

In discussing the power to raise an army, the paragraph says that two years are the longest term for which the money can be given, which is the limit in Article I, Section 8, Clause 12.

…oppress and enslave mankind, than all the others with which this or any legislature on earth is cloathed — the right of taxation or of collecting money from the people; and of raising and supporting armies.

Selects for discussion the legislature's power "of raising and supporting armies," echoing the words of this clause.

To raiſe and ſupport armies, but no appropriation of money to that uſe ſhall be for a longer term than two years;

The paragraph prints Article I, Section 8, Clause 12 of the Constitution as signed; the quoted words are the same as the clause's (apart from capitals and the long s), though the pamphlet's punctuation differs in places.

BY this regulation every Houſe of Repreſentatives will have a ſhare in the appropriations; and no miſchief can enſue from appropriations of two years, ſince the proceedings of each Houſe of Congreſs are to be publiſhed from time to time, as well as regular ſtatements and accounts of the receipts and expenditures of…

The paragraph defends the limit of two years on appropriations for the army, which is in Article I, Section 8, Clause 12.

It is now provided, that no appropriation of money for the use of the army shall be for a longer time than two years. Provision is also made for having a powerful militia, in which there never can be occasion for many regular troops.

The paragraph closely paraphrases, as what "is now provided", the limit on army appropriations in the clause on raising and supporting armies.

…instead of the provision he had supposed in favor of standing armies, there was to be found, in respect to this object, an important qualification even of the legislative discretion, in that clause which forbids the appropriation of money for the support of an army for any longer period than two years a precaution which, upon a nearer view of it, will appear to be a great and real security against the keeping up of troops without evident necessity.

The paragraph names this clause as "that clause which forbids the appropriation of money for the support of an army for any longer period than two years," echoing its words "appropriation of money" and "two years."

Let us examine whether there be any comparison, in point of efficacy, between the provision alluded to and that which is contained in the new Constitution, for restraining the appropriations of money for military purposes to the period of two years.

Names the provision of the new Constitution "for restraining the appropriations of money for military purposes to the period of two years," echoing this clause's limit on appropriations for armies.

The legislature of the United States will be OBLIGED, by this provision, once at least in every two years, to deliberate upon the propriety of keeping a military force on foot; to come to a new resolution on the point; and to declare their sense of the matter, by a formal vote in the face of their constituents.

Refers back to the provision named in the preceding paragraph as "this provision," adding "once at least in every two years" and "funds for the support of an army"; it identifies the clause only through that back-reference.

It has been said that the provision which limits the appropriation of money for the support of an army to the period of two years would be unavailing, because the Executive, when once possessed of a force large enough to awe the people into submission, would find resources in that very force sufficient to enable…

Names "the provision which limits the appropriation of money for the support of an army to the period of two years," echoing this clause's words "support" and "Appropriation of Money."

The powers falling within the FIRST class are those of declaring war and granting letters of marque; of providing armies and fleets; of regulating and calling forth the militia; of levying and borrowing money.

Names the power "of providing armies" in its list of the first class of powers, and later asks whether "the power of raising armies" is necessary, the power given in this clause.

Next to the effectual establishment of the Union, the best possible precaution against danger from standing armies is a limitation of the term for which revenue may be appropriated to their support. This precaution the Constitution has prudently added.

Names the Constitution's limit on "the term for which revenue may be appropriated" to armies, which it later gives as "TWO YEARS," the limit in this clause.

…nothing more than the supreme command and direction of the military and naval forces, as first General and admiral of the Confederacy; while that of the British king extends to the DECLARING of war and to the RAISING and REGULATING of fleets and armies, all which, by the Constitution under consideration, would appertain to the legislature.[1] The governor of New York, on the other hand, is by the constitution of the State vested only with the command of its militia and navy.

Says "the RAISING ... of ... armies" would, "by the Constitution under consideration," belong to the legislature, echoing this clause's "To raise and support Armies."

— I am the more apprehensive of a standing army, on account of a clause in the new constitution which empowers Congress to keep one at all times ; but this constitution is evidently such that it cannot stand any considerable time without an army.

The paragraph refers to "a clause in the new constitution" empowering Congress to keep a standing army; the army power is Article I, Section 8, clause 12 ("To raise and support Armies").

It might be here shown, that the power in the Federal legislature, to raise and support armies at pleasure, as well in peace as in war, and their control over the militia, tend not only to a consolidation of the government, but the destruction of liberty.

The paragraph names the power of the Federal legislature "to raise and support armies", echoing the words of Article I, Section 8, clause 12.

…meant is, that the legislature of the United States are vested with the great and uncontrollable powers of laying and collecting taxes, duties, imposts, and excises ; of regulating trade, raising and supporting armies, organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, instituting courts, and other general powers ; and are by this clause invested with the power of making all laws, proper and necessary,…

Listing the powers vested in the legislature of the United States, the paragraph names "raising and supporting armies", echoing Article I, Section 8, clause 12.

The same security is as necessary in this Constitution, and much more so ; for the general government will have the sole power to raise and to pay armies, and are under no control in the exercise of it ; yet nothing of this is to be found in this new system.

The paragraph names the power of the general government "to raise and to pay armies", the power granted in Article I, Section 8, clause 12.

…of making or altering the regulations prescribed by the different legislatures, respecting the time, place and manner of holding elections for representatives, and the time and manner of chosing senators; that standing armies may be established, and appropriation of money made for their support for two years; that the militia of the most remote .state may be marched into those states situated at the opposite extreme of this continent; that the slave trade is, to all…

The paragraph names the power to raise armies with appropriations for two years, from Article I, Section 8, clause 12.

This grand machine of power and oppression, may be made a fatal instrument to overturn the public liberties, especially as the funds to support the troops may be granted for two years, whereas in Britain, the grants ever since the revolution in 1688, have been from year to year.

The paragraph names the two-year limit on funds for supporting troops, which only Article I, Section 8, Clause 12 sets.

…contrary notwithstanding; that which gives Congress the absolute control over the time and mode of its appointment and election, -whereby, independent of any other means, they may establish hereditary despotism; that which authorizes them to keep on foot at all times a standing army; and that which subjects the militia to absolute command, and to accelerate the subjugation of the people, trial by jury in civil cases and the liberty of the press…

The paragraph names the clause authorizing Congress to keep an army, which is the power to raise and support armies in Article I, Section 8, Clause 12.

By the constitution it is proposed that congress shall have power " to raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years ; to provide and maintain a navy ; to provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the union ; suppress insurrections, and repel invasions : to…

Quotes the clause verbatim in quotation marks, introduced as what "By the constitution it is proposed that congress shall have power" to do.

To raise and support armies.

The speaker reads the next words of the section ("Let us see. To raise and support armies."); the article is not named.

To pay the debts, and provide for the common defence and general welfare of the United States; to declare war, &c.; to raise and support armies; to provide and maintain a navy;—these are authorities and duties incident to every government.

In listing the "authorities and duties" of Congress, the speaker repeats the words of this clause; he does not name it by number.

DAWES observed, upon the authority of Congress to raise and support armies, that all the objections which had been made by gentlemen against standing armies, were inapplicable to the present question, which was, that, as there must be an authority somewhere…

The speaker discusses "the authority of Congress to raise and support armies", repeating the words of the clause; he does not name it by number.

But Congress is to have power to raise and support armies.

The speaker says "Congress is to have power to raise and support armies".

The next objection is against “the power of raising and supporting armies; and the appropriation of money for that use should not be for so long a term as two years.” Is it not necessary that the authority superintending the general concerns, of the United States should have the power of raising and supporting armies?

The speaker states an objection to the power to raise and support armies and the two-year limit on appropriations for them, which are both in the clause; no number is given.

Under the new government, no appropriation of money, to the use of raising or supporting an army, shall be for a longer term than two years.

The speaker says that under the new government "no appropriation of money, to the use of raising or supporting an army, shall be for a longer term than two years", words close to those of Article I, Section 8, twelfth clause.

He adverted to the clause which gives Congress the power of raising armies, and proceeded as follows: To me this appears a very alarming power, when unlimited.

Mr. Henry "adverted to the clause which gives Congress the power of raising armies" and says Congress is "not only to raise, but to support, armies".

…on the Parliament; and yet there is no instance of a money bill being passed for a longer term than one year; the proposed plan, therefore, when it declares that no appropriation for the support of an army shall be made for a longer term than two years, introduces a check unknown to the English constitution, and one which will be found very powerful when we reflect that, if the House of Representatives could be prevailed on…

The speaker says the plan "declares" that no appropriation for the support of an army shall be made for a longer term than two years, wording of Article I, Section 8, twelfth clause.

Next comes the clause," Congress shall have power .to declare war; to raise and support armies; to provide and maintain a navy." A power like this is from its very nature unlimited.

The paragraph quotes the power "to raise and support armies", the words of Article I, Section 8, Clause 12.

…power, which, if executed, must render slavery impossible, while the preamble makes them all vital for freedom: first, the power to provide for the common defense and general welfare; secondly, the power to raise armies and maintain navies; thirdly the powertoguaranty tocvery State a republican foi n of government; and fourthly, the power to secure liberty to every person restrained without due process of law.

Among the provisions of the Constitution it calls sources of power, the paragraph names "the power to raise armies", Article I, Section 8, Clause 12.