Article I, Section 8, Clause 15
To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions;
The Federalist and Federalist essays
- quoted bySuggestedA Native of Virginia, Article I, ¶ 76
To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the union, ſuppreſs inſurrections and repel invaſions;
The paragraph prints Article I, Section 8, Clause 15 of the Constitution as signed; the quoted words are the same as the clause's (apart from capitals and the long s), though the pamphlet's punctuation differs in places.
- cited bySuggestedA Native of Virginia, Article I, ¶ 79
THESE clauſes have been extremely miſunderſtood, or purpoſely miſconſtrued, by the enemies to the Conſtitution.
The paragraph takes up objections to the congressional command of the militia in "these clauses," the two militia clauses printed above (Article I, Section 8, Clauses 15 and 16).
- cited bySuggestedFederalist No. 29, ¶ 1
The power of regulating the militia, and of commanding its services in times of insurrection and invasion are natural incidents to the duties of superintending the common defense, and of watching over the internal peace of the Confederacy.
Names the power "of commanding its services in times of insurrection and invasion," echoing this clause's words "suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions."
- cited bySuggestedFederalist No. 29, ¶ 4
In order to cast an odium upon the power of calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, it has been remarked that there is nowhere any provision in the proposed Constitution for calling out the POSSE COMITATUS, to assist the magistrate in the execution of his…
Names "the power of calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union," in this clause's own words.
- cited bySuggestedFederalist No. 29, ¶ 13
A sample of this is to be observed in the exaggerated and improbable suggestions which have taken place respecting the power of calling for the services of the militia.
Names "the power of calling for the services of the militia," close to this clause's words "calling forth the Militia."
- cited bySuggestedFederalist No. 41, ¶ 6
The powers falling within the FIRST class are those of declaring war and granting letters of marque; of providing armies and fleets; of regulating and calling forth the militia; of levying and borrowing money.
Names the power of "calling forth the militia" in its list of the first class of powers, echoing this clause's words.
- cited bySuggestedFederalist No. 41, ¶ 21
The power of regulating and calling forth the militia has been already sufficiently vindicated and explained.
Names "the power of regulating and calling forth the militia," echoing this clause's words "calling forth the Militia."
Anti-Federalist essays
- cited bySuggestedBrutus 4, ¶ 6
The Convention seemed aware of this, and have therefore provided for calling out the militia to execute the laws of the Union.
The paragraph names the Convention's provision "for calling out the militia to execute the laws of the Union", echoing the words of Article I, Section 8, clause 15.
- quoted bySuggestedCentinel 3, ¶ 20
Section 8th of article ist, vests Congress with power "to provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the union, suppress insurrections and repel invasions; to provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the…
The paragraph quotes the militia clause from what it names as "Section 8th of article ist."
- quoted bySuggestedFederal Farmer 3, ¶ 17
…to raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years ; to provide and maintain a navy ; to provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the union ; suppress insurrections, and repel invasions : to provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia ; " reserving to the states the right to appoint the officers, and to train the militia according to the…
Quotes the clause verbatim within the quoted list of powers that "By the constitution it is proposed that congress shall have."
- cited bySuggestedLuther Martin 3, ¶ 2
In the proposed system the general government has a power not only without the consent, but contrary to the will of the state government, to call out the whole of its militia, without regard to religious scruples, or any other consideration, and to continue tlu ni in service as long as it pleases, thereby subjecting the freemen of a whole state…
The paragraph names the power in the proposed system to "call out" a state's militia, which only the militia-calling clause of Article I, Section 8 fits.
- quoted bySuggestedSydney 2, ¶ 21
By the ist art., 8th sec, 15th, i6th and 17th clauses, Congress will be empowered to call forth the militia to execute the laws of the union, suppress insurrections and repel invasions ; to provide for organizing, arming and disciplining the militia, for the governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, and for…
The paragraph cites "the ist art., 8th sec, 15th, i6th and 17th clauses" and reproduces the wording of the fifteenth.
Other writings
- quoted bySuggestedPennsylvania convention, December 11, 1787, ¶ 93
It is said that Congress should not possess the power of calling out the militia, to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions; nor the President have the command of them when called out for such purposes.
The passage states the objection in the clause's own words on calling out the militia; it does not name the clause by number.
- cited bySuggestedPennsylvania convention, December 11, 1787, ¶ 158
Congress have also the power of calling them forth for the purpose of executing the laws of the Union, suppressing insurrections, and repelling invasions; but can it be supposed they would call them, in such case, from Georgia to New Hampshire?
The speaker describes the power of calling the militia forth to execute the laws, suppress insurrections and repel invasions; no number is given.
- cited bySuggestedVirginia convention, June 14, 1788, ¶ 42
CLAY wished to be informed why the Congress were to have power to provide for calling forth the militia, to put the laws of the Union into execution.
Mr. Clay asks why Congress is to have power "to provide for calling forth the militia, to put the laws of the Union into execution".
- quoted bySuggestedVirginia convention, June 14, 1788, ¶ 44
Chairman, unless there be some restrictions on the power of calling forth the militia, to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions, we may very easily see that it will produce dreadful oppressions.
The speaker refers to "the power of calling forth the militia, to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions"; the words are not in quotation marks.
- quoted bySuggestedVirginia convention, June 14, 1788, ¶ 68
…for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States.” Another part tells you that they are to provide for calling them forth, to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions.
The speaker says "Another part tells you that they are to provide for calling them forth, to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions"; the words are not in quotation marks.
- cited bySuggestedVirginia convention, June 14, 1788, ¶ 69
It was said, by the gentleman, that there was something singular in this government, in saying that the militia shall be called forth to execute the laws of the Union.
The speaker refers to "saying that the militia shall be called forth to execute the laws of the Union" and to the power "in three cases": executing the laws, suppressing insurrections and repelling invasions.
- cited bySuggestedVirginia convention, June 14, 1788, ¶ 86
It is supposed by the honorable gentleman lately up, and another gentleman, that the clause for calling forth the militia to suppress insurrections, repel invasions, and execute the laws of the Union; implies that, instead of using civil force in the first instance, the militia are to be called forth to arrest petty offenders against the laws.
The speaker refers to "the clause for calling forth the militia to suppress insurrections, repel invasions, and execute the laws of the Union".
- cited bySuggestedVirginia convention, June 16, 1788, ¶ 6
I am still persuaded that the power of calling forth the militia, to execute the laws of the Union, &c., is dangerous.
The speaker refers to "the power of calling forth the militia, to execute the laws of the Union, &c."
- cited bySuggestedVirginia convention, June 16, 1788, ¶ 32
The 4th section of the 4th article expressly directs that, in case of domestic violence, Congress shall protect the states on application of the legislature or executive; and the 8th section of the 1st article gives Congress power to call forth the militia to quell insurrections: there cannot, therefore, be a concurrent power.
The speaker says "the 8th section of the 1st article gives Congress power to call forth the militia to quell insurrections"; no clause is numbered.
Debates in Congress
- cited bySuggestedSenate, June 5, 1866, ¶ 19
The Constitution, to be sure, provides for the suppression of insurrections; but evidently this never contemplated an extensive rebellion so formidable as to produce for years a division of the nation and a separate de facto government.
The paragraph names the provision of the Constitution for the suppression of insurrections, which is the militia clause of Article I, Section 8, Clause 15.
On Article I, Section 8 as a whole
- cited bySuggestedHouse, January 6, 1865, ¶ 34
- cited bySuggestedHouse, August 27, 1962, ¶ 261
- cited bySuggestedSenate, June 12, 1911, ¶ 292
- cited bySuggestedSenate, February 16, 1933 (2), ¶ 291
- cited bySuggestedSenate, March 27, 1962 (3), ¶ 153
- cited bySuggestedMassachusetts convention, January 21, 1788, ¶ 31
- cited bySuggestedPennsylvania convention, December 4, 1787, ¶ 51
- cited bySuggestedRemarks on the New Plan, ¶ 6
- cited byFederalist No. 82, note 2
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