Article I, Section 3, Clause 4
The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no Vote, unless they be equally divided.
The Federalist and Federalist essays
- cited bySuggestedCitizen of New Haven 2, ¶ 14
…the Senate will have nothing to do in the executive department ; his being elected by all the states will incline him to regard the interests of the whole, and when the members of the senate are equally divided on any question, who so proper to give a casting vote as one who represents all the states ?
The paragraph names the provision that the vice-president, as president of the senate, votes when the senate is equally divided.
- cited bySuggestedAn American Citizen, Number III, ¶ 3
He muſt be an inhabitant of the ſtate that elects him, that he may be intimately acquainted with their particular circumſtances—The houſe of Repreſentatives is not, as the ſenate, to have a Preſident choſen for them from without their body, but are to elect their Speaker from their own number—They will alſo appoint all their other officers.
The paragraph contrasts the Senate's President, chosen from outside the body, with the House; the Senate's presiding officer is provided in Article I, Section 3, Clause 4.
- quoted bySuggestedA Native of Virginia, Article I, ¶ 21
The Vice-Preſident of the United States ſhall be Preſident of the Senate, but ſhall have no vote, unleſs they be equally divided.
The paragraph prints Article I, Section 3, Clause 4 of the Constitution as signed; the quoted words are the same as the clause's (apart from capitals and the long s), though the pamphlet's punctuation differs in places.
- cited bySuggestedA Native of Virginia, Article I, ¶ 23
He preſides in the Senate, but has no vote except when they are divided.
The paragraph says the Vice-President presides in the Senate and has no vote except when they are divided, restating Article I, Section 3, Clause 4.
- cited bySuggestedFederalist No. 68, ¶ 12
One is, that to secure at all times the possibility of a definite resolution of the body, it is necessary that the President should have only a casting vote.
Defends the convention's making the Vice-President, not a senator, "President of the Senate" with "only a casting vote," the arrangement in this clause.
Anti-Federalist essays
- cited bySuggestedCato 4, ¶ 8
This officer, for want of other employment, is made president of the senate, thereby blending the executive and legislatlve powers, besides always giving to some one state, from wliicli he is to come, an unjust pre-eminence.
The paragraph names the provision that the vice-president "is made president of the senate".
- cited bySuggestedFederal Farmer 3, ¶ 6
The vice president is not a very important, if not an unnecessary part of the system — he may be a part of the senate at one period, and act as the supreme executive magistrate at another The election of this officer, as well as of the president of the United States seems to be properly secured…
Says the vice president "may be a part of the senate," naming the provision that makes him President of the Senate, which is this clause.
Other writings
- cited bySuggestedNorth Carolina convention, July 24, 1788, ¶ 60
How can all the legislative powers granted in that Constitution be vested in the Congress, if the Vice-President is to have a vote in case the Senate is equally divided?
Caldwell objects to the Vice-President's vote when the Senate is equally divided, which only the Vice-President clause provides.
Debates in Congress
- cited bySuggestedHouse, October 28, 1803, ¶ 29
Now all the States have an equal vote in the Senate, and the Vice President is ex officio President of the Senate.
The speaker names the Vice President as "ex officio President of the Senate" with "the casting vote in all cases of an equality of votes in the Senate," which is Article I, Section 3, clause 4.
- cited bySuggestedSenate, December 2, 1803, ¶ 110
In addition to his importance in the Government, arising from his incidental succession to the Chief Magistracy, the Vice President is ex officio President of the Senate, and gives a direct influence to the State from which he is chosen, of a third vote in this body, in all cases of equal division, which are usually the cases of most importance.
Contrasting the amendment with "the Constitutional provision," the speaker names the Vice President as "ex officio President of the Senate" with a vote "in all cases of equal division," which is Article I, Section 3, clause 4.
- quoted bySuggestedSenate, June 13, 1911, ¶ 11
The Vice President of th~ United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no vote, unless they be equally divided.
The paragraph quotes Article I, Section 3, Clause 4, introduced as "the clause in the Constitution" under which the Vice President voted.
- quoted bySuggestedSenate, June 13, 1911, ¶ 86
The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no vote, unless they be equally divided.
The paragraph quotes Article I, Section 3, Clause 4, introduced as "the explicit provision of the Constitution".
- cited bySuggestedSenate, June 13, 1911, ¶ 93
Thurman rose to a question of order, and submitted that the provision of the Constitution that the Vice President shall have no vote unless where the Senate is equally divided does not apply to the case of seating a Member, but that questions of seating a Member should be left to the Senators themselves, under the provision that "each House…
The precedent read by the speaker names "the provision of the Constitution that the Vice President shall have no vote unless where the Senate is equally divided", Article I, Section 3, Clause 4.
- quoted bySuggestedSenate, June 13, 1911, ¶ 99
The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no vote unless they be equally divided.
The paragraph quotes Article I, Section 3, Clause 4, introduced as "the plain letter of the Constitution".
- quoted bySuggestedSenate, June 13, 1911, ¶ 115
The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no vote unless they be equally divided. - In the same article of the Constitution, and it is important to bear in mind that this is in the article which constitutes the legislative branch of the United…
The paragraph quotes Article I, Section 3, Clause 4, introduced as what "The Constitution provides".
- quoted bySuggestedSenate, June 13, 1911, ¶ 141
"The Vice President shall be the President of the Senate, but shall have no vote except when the Senate are .equally divided."
The precedent read by the speaker quotes Article I, Section 3, Clause 4 ("President of the Senate, but shall have no vote"), ending it "except when the Senate are equally divided".
On Article I, Section 3 as a whole
- cited bySuggestedHouse, June 21, 1911, ¶ 76
- cited bySuggestedHouse, June 21, 1911, ¶ 78
- cited bySuggestedHouse, June 21, 1911, ¶ 619
- cited bySuggestedSenate, July 5, 1909, ¶ 5
- cited bySuggestedSenate, July 5, 1909 (2), ¶ 417
- cited bySuggestedSenate, June 12, 1911, ¶ 535
- cited bySuggestedSenate, May 22, 1911, ¶ 13
- cited bySuggestedSenate, May 22, 1911, ¶ 48
- cited bySuggestedSenate, May 23, 1911, ¶ 79
- cited bySuggestedSenate, April 23, 1912, ¶ 4
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